ABU DHABI, 27 November 2025: Etihad Airways carried 2 million passengers in October 2025, a 28% increase compared with the same month last year.
Year-to-date, the airline has now carried 18.1 million passengers, representing 19% growth over the first 10 months of 2024. The airline maintained an 88% passenger load factor in October and year-to-date, demonstrating effective capacity management alongside rapid expansion.
Photo credit: Etihad.
Etihad’s operating fleet reached 120 aircraft by month-end, with a network comprising over 100 destinations, of which 96 were operated in the month.
Etihad Airways, Chief Executive Officer Antonoaldo Neves said: “October’s exceptional 28% passenger growth accelerates the momentum we built through the first nine months of the year. With our fleet reaching 120 aircraft and a network of more than 100 destinations, we’re seeing the full impact of our strategic expansion. As we enter the final stretch of 2025, our operational performance and sustained high load factors give us confidence in delivering a landmark year for Etihad.”
HONG KONG, 27 November 2025: Cathay Group released its traffic figures for October 2025 on Wednesday, describing the performance as a solid growth month for passengers and cargo
Cathay Pacific and HK Express together carried more than 3.2 million passengers, 21% more than the previous month. Cathay Cargo carried over 150,000 tonnes of cargo in October, a 12% month-on-month increase.
Photo credit: Cathay Group.
Cathay Chief Customer and Commercial Officer Lavinia Lau commented: “We are continuing to add more new destinations to our global network. In November, Cathay Pacific launched daily direct flights to Changsha and resumed Adelaide service with a thrice-weekly seasonal service, while HK Express will launch daily flights to Kota Kinabalu (Sabah) later in the month. As a Group, we will be operating around 330 return flights per week to the Chinese Mainland, close to 100 return flights per week to Oceania, and over 430 return flights per week to Southeast Asia during the winter peak season.”
Cathay Pacific
Cathay Pacific carried 29% more passengers in October 2025 compared with October 2024, while Available Seat Kilometres (ASKs) increased by 26%. In the first 10 months of 2025, passenger numbers increased by 27% compared with the same period in 2024.
She explained: “We saw strong travel demand during October. Early-month traffic was buoyed by multiple regional holidays, with the National Day ‘Golden Week’ and Mid-Autumn Festival driving significant leisure demand from the Chinese Mainland to Hong Kong and onward to global destinations. Later in the month, demand for our premium cabins was stimulated by major exhibitions in Hong Kong and the Chinese Mainland — including the Canton Fair, Electronics Fair and China Toy Fair — which attracted inbound traffic from various long-haul markets. The robust leisure and business travel demand contributed to a load factor of 86% across our network, the highest for October in recent years.
“Looking ahead, bookings for the Christmas travel peak remain strong. We anticipate significant inbound traffic among those visiting friends and relatives from North America, the United Kingdom and other destinations in Europe.”
Cathay Cargo
Cathay Cargo carried 6% more cargo in October 2025 than in October 2024, while Available Freight Tonne Kilometres (AFTKs) increased by 8%. In the first 10 months of 2025, the total tonnage increased by 10% compared with the same period in 2024.
HK Express
HK Express carried more than 680,000 passengers in October 2025, an increase of 32% year on year, while Available Seat Kilometres (ASKs) grew by 34%. In the first 10 months of 2025, passenger numbers increased by 31% compared with the same period in 2024.
Lavinia noted: “Boosted by strong demand during the National Day holiday, HK Express’s passenger volumes in October almost caught up with capacity growth, with overall load factor just slightly below that of October 2024. Looking ahead, while this trend is expected to continue as bookings remain encouraging, the airline will continue to closely monitor the travel demand to Japan and focus on stimulating demand across its network.”
BANGKOK, 26 November 2025: Centara Hotels & Resorts, Thailand’s leading hotel operator, and NUO International Hotel Management Co Ltd recently signed a strategic Letter of Agreement to collaborate on brand development and international expansion.
This landmark partnership represents a powerful alliance between two leading hospitality brands and a meaningful exchange between “Chinese Service” and “Thai Hospitality,” aimed at delivering exceptional experiences to global travellers.
The signing ceremony, held at NUO Hotel Beijing, was attended by senior executives from both organisations, including Thirayuth Chirathivat, Chief Executive Officer of Centara Hotels & Resorts, Michael Henssler, Chief Operating Officer, alongside Jack Xia, Managing Director – Centara China, Tyrone Tang Ming, General Manager of NUO International, Mr. Andy Xu Jia, Deputy General Manager, and Yuki Qu Jing, Vice President of Marketing.
The partnership introduces an innovative two-way brand licensing approach that leverages resource sharing and complementary strengths. NUO International will bring its heritage-rich brands, such as “Jianguo” and “Brilliant”, to Thailand and Southeast Asia. At the same time, Centara will introduce its acclaimed brands, including ‘Centara’ and ‘Centara Grand’, along with their signature Thai-style service, to mainland China.
This cross-regional brand exchange will infuse both portfolios with cultural diversity and vitality, creating a model for integration and growth in the Asian hospitality sector.
Comprehensive collaboration
To ensure seamless implementation and long-term success, both parties will collaborate across multiple dimensions, including brand licensing, joint marketing, operational management, and professional knowledge exchange. Key initiatives include:
Joint Marketing & Brand Building: Coordinated campaigns to enhance brand visibility and influence in target markets.
Operational Excellence & Talent Development: Establishing regular communication mechanisms and sharing best practices in hotel operations, service standards, quality management, and training.
Looking ahead, NUO International and Centara will continue to explore new opportunities for mutually beneficial cooperation, reinforcing their commitment to innovation and quality.
New chapter in global hospitality
This alliance underscores NUO International’s mission to promote cultural exchange and deliver diverse, high-quality accommodation options to travellers worldwide. By showcasing Chinese hospitality on the global stage and embracing Thai warmth and charm, the partnership contributes to the sustainable growth of the international hotel industry.
DUBAI, 26 November 2025: Emirates and Air Canada have signalled a commitment to extend their strategic partnership, building on the success of a three-year-old agreement between two of the world’s leading airlines.
Since launching their strategic partnership in 2022, the airlines have already served more than 550,000 customers, connecting travellers across 56 codeshare routes linking Canada, the US, Dubai and key destinations around the globe. The carriers have signed a memorandum of understanding to extend the reciprocal codeshare and loyalty partnership until 31 December 2032.
The renewed agreement will deepen their cooperation, lead to enhanced services for customers and cargo shippers, and create the potential for new gateways within Canada in the codeshare network.
“Air Canada’s partnership with Emirates has been highly successful, and we are proud to renew it early, expanding its scope and extending its duration through 2032. This agreement strengthens our international strategy by supporting our year-round, daily service between Toronto and Dubai and providing customers and shippers with seamless connections to destinations across the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia.
“Renewing this partnership is great news, not just for our customers – many of whom have family, cultural or business ties to these regions – but also for Canada, as it enhances our ability to connect the country to the world amid evolving trade and travel patterns,” said Air Canada Executive Vice President & Chief Commercial Officer and President, Cargo Mark Galardo.
Emirates Deputy President and Chief Commercial Officer Adnan Kazim noted: “Our strategic partnership with Air Canada has delivered exceptional results, and we are pleased to extend this collaboration through 2032. This agreement strengthens our passenger and cargo capabilities, enabling us to enhance customer experiences on codeshare flights while expanding network connectivity for travellers across both markets.
“Beyond passenger services, we recognise the vital role air connectivity plays in fostering economic growth. Since establishing our codeshare partnership in 2022, we have witnessed consistent trade expansion between the UAE and Canada. Through enhanced cargo cooperation, we remain committed to facilitating commerce and contributing to the continued prosperity of both economies. We believe this partnership will catalyse strengthening our footprint in Canada and unlocking new growth opportunities.”
The enhanced partnership between Emirates and Air Canada is poised to strengthen tourism and trade between the two countries significantly. The collaboration will increase passenger choice and enable expanded cargo cooperation, facilitating bi-directional cargo flow between the Americas, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. Both airlines are also exploring a potential joint venture focused on cargo operations to support the efficient movement of commodities globally.
The extended agreement will enhance the customer experience by improving priority benefits for eligible passengers and by coordinating operations between both airlines, including ensuring a seamless transition of operations to Dubai World Central – Maktoum International Airport (DWC) (expected after 2032). Since its inception, the partnership has grown consistently, with the codeshare network expanding to 56 routes connecting Emirates customers to 37 destinations across Canada and the US — Air Canada-operated services from Toronto to Minneapolis, Montréal to Calgary, and Vancouver to Los Angeles. Air Canada also places its code on 19 routes operated by Emirates to the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. In addition to flights under the codeshare agreement, Emirates and Air Canada’s interline partnership also provides customers with access to over 225 destinations worldwide.
Since the initial agreement in November 2022, Air Canada relocated its Dubai operation to Dubai International’s flagship Terminal 3. The co-location of operations in one of the world’s premier terminals has significantly enhanced the connection experience. It provides eligible Air Canada customers access to Emirates’ signature Business Class Lounges and other hub facilities in Dubai before their flight. The two airlines also offer joint loyalty program benefits to frequent flyer members. Aeroplan Members can benefit from earning and redeeming points on all flights operated by Emirates — with access to more than 140 destinations across six continents — via the airline’s home and hub, Dubai. Emirates Skywards members can earn and redeem miles on all flights operated by Air Canada, accessing a network of more than 220 destinations worldwide.
For more information on flights or to make a booking, visit: www.emirates.com.
SINGAPORE, 26 November 2025: Lufthansa will celebrate a significant anniversary in 2026: 100 years since the founding of the first Lufthansa in 1926.
To mark this special occasion, the crane airline is taking off with an “anniversary fleet” that combines tradition and innovation in an impressive new design.
The most important sub-fleets of Lufthansa will receive their own special livery in the iconic 100-year look: the blue fuselage will be adorned with a white crane whose flight feathers merge into the aircraft’s wings. In addition to the crane, a “100” is integrated on the left side of the fuselage and the lettering “1926 / 2026” on the right side. A “100” will also be visible on the underside of the aircraft.
The anniversary fleet will be led by the brand-new Boeing 787-9 “Berlin,” registration D-ABPU, which is expected in Frankfurt in December. An Airbus A380, an Airbus A350-1000, an Airbus A350-900, an Airbus A320, and a Boeing 747-8 will also be painted in the anniversary livery.
The aircraft will gradually be given the new design, and the anniversary fleet is expected to be complete by Autumn 2026.
26 November 2025: APG has announced its appointment as the General Sales Agent (GSA) representing Air Peace in the UK market to promote sales and marketing activities for the Nigerian airline.
Air Peace, Nigeria’s largest airline, operates an extensive domestic, regional and international network, connecting passengers across Nigeria, Africa, and significant global destinations. The airline currently operates a daily direct service from London Gatwick to Lagos, reinforcing its commitment to enhancing connectivity between Nigeria and the UK.
Photo credit: APG.
Building on its success, Air Peace has launched direct, non-stop services between Abuja and London Heathrow (LHR) and London Gatwick (LGW) from 26 October 2025.
The airline serves the Abuja–Heathrow route with three weekly flights on Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays, and the Abuja-Gatwick route with three weekly flights on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays.
These new routes underscore Air Peace’s ongoing commitment to expanding international access for Nigerian travellers and strengthening the country’s aviation links with key global markets. The airline will deploy its Boeing 777-200ER aircraft on these long-haul routes, configured with 312 seats (26 business-class suites and 286 economy-class seats).
APG Network, President Richard Burgess said: “We are thrilled to collaborate with Air Peace at this exciting stage of their expansion. Our extensive knowledge of the UK market and established industry relationships will allow us to elevate Air Peace’s position and support growth in this key market.”
Air Peace, Executive Director Nnenna Onyema added: “Expanding into the UK market represents a significant milestone for Air Peace. Partnering with APG, a trusted leader in aviation representation, will strengthen our presence and service offering in this vital market, ensuring a seamless and enjoyable experience for our passengers.
About Air Peace Air Peace is a Nigerian private airline with a fleet of over 30 aircraft, including Boeing 777-200ERs, Boeing 737s, and Embraer jets.
SINGAPORE, 26 November 2025: Tripadvisor, a leading travel guidance platform, has released its annual Winter Travel Index, revealing robust winter travel demand — 60% of travellers are planning trips, and 45% indicating they’re travelling more this winter than last year.
The comprehensive report shows a diverse mix of cold urban destinations and warm-weather escapes leading winter travel preferences.
Most travellers (83%) are organising one to two trips this season, with more than half (54%) committing to extended stays of five nights or more.
However, cost remains the primary consideration for travellers planning winter trips this season. Yet, despite economic uncertainties, they continue to show strong confidence in their plans and maintain optimistic spending expectations, with more than half of travellers (52%) planning to spend more this year.
The data reveals a split in winter destination preferences, with travellers seeking both cold urban experiences and warm-weather beach escapes.
Globally, major cold-weather cities like New York City and London rank among the top destinations alongside warm-weather favourites like Cancun, Mexico and Bangkok, Thailand.
Travellers are prioritising itineraries full of activities and experiences, with 93% agreeing that experiences are an essential part of their travel budget and 84% prioritising planned activities during trips.
Cultural sightseeing emerges as the dominant travel preference at 38%, followed by nature sightseeing (37%), shopping (31%) and road trips (28%).
Popular destinations for international travellers:
London, UK
Bangkok, Thailand
Cancun, Mexico
Paris, France
International growth leaders:
Prague, Czech Republic
Shanghai, China
Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Nha Trang, Vietnam
Winter experience trends and activities
Activities and experiences remain central to winter travel planning, with 93% agreeing that experiences are an essential part of their travel budget and 84% prioritising planned activities during trips.
Generational travel behaviours
Age significantly influences travel patterns and priorities. Gen Z and Millennials show greater enthusiasm for activities, with 47% of Gen Z and 48% of Millennials prioritising activities while travelling, compared to 40% of Gen X and 32% of baby boomers. Younger travellers also plan more ambitious itineraries, with nearly one-third visiting three or more cities during their biggest winter trip.
Travel motivations vary by generation, with relaxation more critical to boomers (51%) and Gen X (51%) than Gen Z (37%). Conversely, meeting new people appeals to 24% of Gen Z travellers, compared with only 11% of boomers, highlighting different social priorities across age groups.
Holiday Season Impact
Seasonal factors drive 86% of winter travel decisions, with distinct regional preferences. The emphasis on family connections and cultural experiences reflects unique winter holiday traditions, with travellers increasingly prioritising meaningful connections and memory-making with loved ones during the season.
Methodology A Tripadvisor Consumer Sentiment Survey, based on data from an online survey of over 6,123 consumers, conducted in partnership with Morning Consult, was conducted between 22 and 29 September 2025 across six countries, including the US, the UK, Australia, Japan, India, and France.
MANILA, Philippines, 26 November 2025: Just in time for the festive holiday season, Vietjet has launched its newest direct route linking Manila in the Philippines to Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam.
It marks Vietjet’s first-ever service to the Philippines’ capital, offering five weekly flights that should boost tourism, cultural, and economic ties between the two countries.
Vietjet’s Commercial Director Ha Nang Viet and Miss Cosmo Philippines 2025 Chelsea Fernandez welcome passengers on Vietjet’s inaugural flight at Ninoy Aquino International Airport.
To celebrate the new milestone and usher in the year-end travel season, Vietjet is offering its ‘Thank Yourself’ promotion across its entire network, including the new Manila–Ho Chi Minh service, for bookings made by midnight on 30 November 2025.
There’s a 100% discount on the Eco-class base fare* (travellers pay only taxes and airline fees) for travel between 5 January and 27 May 2026, when applying the promo code THANKME at www.vietjetair.com or the “Vietjet Air” mobile app.
Complimentary 20kg checked baggage also applies to Eco passengers on flights between Manila and Ho Chi Minh City from 5 to 28 January and from 4 to 28 May 2026.
Free eSIM (500MB of high-speed data, valid for 31 days) for international passengers to Vietnam with bookings made by December 31, 2025, or while supplies last. Select the eSIM option when purchasing tickets on Vietjet’s website or app.
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam’s southern commercial hub, is known for its dynamic mix of history and modern life. From Nguyen Hue Walking Street and the iconic Notre Dame Cathedral to Ben Thanh Market and the city’s famous street-food scene, Filipino travellers can look forward to a vibrant urban escape filled with culture, flavours, and unforgettable experiences. As Vietnam’s premier international gateway, Ho Chi Minh City also offers seamless onward connections to the country’s top destinations—such as Hanoi, Da Nang, Phu Quoc, Nha Trang, and Hue—as well as to other major cities across the Asia-Pacific region through Vietjet’s extensive network.
BANGKOK, 24 November 2025: The Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA), in collaboration with the Thailand Convention and Exhibition Bureau (TCEB), unveils the full programme for the PATA Destination Marketing Forum 2025 (PDMF 2025).
The event will convene at The Heritage Chiang Rai Hotel & Convention in Chiang Rai, Thailand, from 1 to 3 December.
Photo credit: PATA.
The conference, a key part of the forum, will be officiated by Napintorn Srisunpang, Minister Attached to the Prime Minister’s office of the Kingdom of Thailand.
“A destination that treasures its heritage while confidently embracing innovation holds the key to enduring success,” said PATA CEO Noor Ahmad Hamid. “We are deeply grateful to our hosts, partners, and especially the warm and resilient people of Chiang Rai for showcasing this spirit so beautifully.
“PATA is delighted to bring the world to Chiang Rai, and the PATA Destination Marketing Forum 2025 has been thoughtfully designed to reflect this balance, offering experiences and insights that inspire tourism leaders to shape their destinations with cultural pride and a forward-looking vision.”
Under the theme ‘Steeped in Tradition, Rooted in Wellness: Weaving the Meaningful Narrative of Travel,’ the forum will cover topics including wellness, hyper-local travel, cultural heritage, technology, and destination reinvention.
Speaker lineup
The PATA Destination Marketing Forum 2025 programme in brief
The forum begins on Monday, 1 December, with a special event, ‘Chiang Rai WOW Market & Famous Food Festival’ at the Chiang Rai Rajabhat University. Organised by Chiang Rai Province, the festival spans seven zones and showcases 100 booths of Chiang Rai’s unique local products and famous dishes, along with cultural activities and performances.
On the second day of the event, participants join one of three destination experience routes curated by the Designated Areas for Sustainable Tourism Administration (Public Organisation) (DASTA). The three technical tours are (1) Creative City of Design for Sustainability, (2) Cave, Coffee and Contemporary Culture, and (3) History, Locality and Artisans.
Each tour highlights landmarks, local cultures, and artistry across Chiang Rai — from traditional coffee brewing activities and Akha tribal performances at Pha Mee Community in Mae Sai to cultural experiences at the Chiang Saen Historical City Tourism Information Centre.
The day concludes at Singha Park, one of Chiang Rai’s key attractions, where the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) will host a Welcome Dinner.
The conference will be held on 3 December, the final day of the event. Thailand’s Minister Attached to the Prime Minister’s office, Napintorn Srisunpang, will formally officiate at the conference’s opening.
The main programme includes the following presentation, panel discussion, and workshop sessions: Traditions Replanted: The Transformation of A Destination; Wellness, Taking A Holistic Approach to Travel; Networking Break; Attracting the International by Focusing on the Hyper-local; Hyper-local Experiences Workshop; A Destination from the Artists’ Perspective; From Creative Economy to Future MICE Setting; Creative Cities & Cultural Networks: Shaping Stories, Strengthening Communities; Content with Purpose: Transforming MICE Events into UGC Destination Showcases; Tech with A Soul; and A New Paradigm for Regenerative Destinations.
The day concludes with a farewell reception hosted by Chiang Rai Province under the theme “The Taste of Wellness, Experience WOW Market”.
BANGKOK, 26 November 2025: This feature marks the final instalment of my Blue Jasmine diary, days seven, eight and nine. For nine remarkable days, the Blue Jasmine has carried us on a prestigious rail journey across Thailand, weaving together landscapes, culture, cuisine and the gentle rhythm of train travel into an experience both intimate and profound.
This closing chapter completes a journey that has taken us from Bangkok to Uthai Thani, onwards to Chiang Mai, through the ancient ruins of Sukhothai and finally back to the capital.
As the train rolled quietly into Hua Lamphong Station in Bangkok at sunrise on day eight, it felt as though the circle had softly and elegantly completed itself.
The Blue Jasmine.
It was Sunday morning when we arrived in Bangkok. The metropolis was still waking, with pale dawn light resting on Hua Lamphong’s iconic ironwork arches. A handful of trains stood ready for their departures to every corner of the Kingdom. The Blue Jasmine rested beside them in dignified stillness. Some guests prepared to disembark for flights, others returned home to Bangkok, while many of us continued to enjoy the final night in the city.
These last days were intended as a gentle wind-down, a soft landing after a journey rich in culture and activity. We checked into the Montien Hotel Bangkok, a charming and convenient base for the closing stages of our adventure. Many guests took advantage of the final few hours to explore at leisure. Some looked for bargains and gifts at Chatuchak Market, bags filled with textiles, clothing, snacks and souvenirs. Others preferred a slow lunch, a quiet stroll around Silom, or to laze at the hotel’s pool.
The Chiang Mai musical event is a firm favourite, elegant, and skilful. Melodic food for the soul, peaceful and deeply restorative.
As conversations drifted over coffee, people were quick to revisit their favourite moments, and there were many. Our visit to the Elephant Jungle Sanctuary in Chiang Mai had been one of the most memorable. The gentle connection left a deep and lasting impression. Later that afternoon, we travelled to a mountaintop viewpoint overlooking the Chiang Mai valley. Music drifted softly, families and friends posed for photographs and enjoyed the clean air and restorative atmosphere, unhurried and relaxing.
Sukhothai, the ancient heart of Thailand, offered another layer of tranquillity. After a scenic rail journey from the north, we explored the UNESCO-listed Sukhothai Historical Park, where lotus ponds, sweeping ruins and serene Buddha figures create one of the country’s most evocative cultural landscapes. That evening we enjoyed a traditional dance performance and a relaxed barbecue beneath a star-bright sky.
Skilled dancers performed a North Eastern (Isan) Thai traditional dance during our visit to Sukhothai and Chomprang.
These were not grand spectacles, just moments of grace, connection and cultural authenticity.
To fully appreciate the charm of the nine-day experience, it is worth describing the train itself. The Blue Jasmine is best understood as a prestigious boutique rail journey, offering refined comfort enhanced by elegant Thai service and vibrant Jim Thompson textiles that create an intense colour experience throughout the train. It favours prestige over opulence, blending thoughtful modern comforts with the character and romance of travel’s golden era. Rather than excess, the emphasis is on Thailand’s rich cultural heritage and a graceful sense of place. Meals are beautifully crafted, award-winning quality and exquisitely prepared to appeal, built around flavours, freshness and modern presentation. Together, these elements create a uniquely rewarding and culturally rich way to experience Thailand by rail.
Days seven, eight and nine
Day Seven: A full day in Sukhothai with pottery and goldsmith workshops, followed by a barbecue and cultural performance.
Day Eight: Morning exploration of Sukhothai before boarding the Blue Jasmine for the return to Bangkok.
Day Nine: Sunrise arrival at Hua Lamphong, check-in at Montien Hotel Bangkok and farewell riverside dinner.
Elegant farewell at Siri Sala
Siri Sala Private Thai Villa.
Our final dinner took place at Siri Sala Private Thai Villa, a serene riverside haven in Bangkok Noi. According to its own website, Siri Sala is: “Whispers of old Bangkok on the water’s edge, where luxury, privacy and serenity meet. The first and only private waterfront villa of its kind in Bangkok”.
Three restored Thai houses surround a central courtyard, with traditional gabled roofs, wood panelling and concave door frames. Set beside a peaceful canal, the villa offers a salt-water pool, lush gardens and terraces “accessible by both land and water”. It was the perfect close to a journey shaped by culture, craftsmanship and care.
DTH Travel: The nine-day Blue Jasmine Rail Journey is offered in three accommodation tiers:
• Classic: from approx THB195,000
• Premium: from approx THB245,000
• Premium Suite: from approx THB310,000
Prices are all-inclusive of hotels, train accommodation, excursions, guides and meals.
About the Author
Andrew J. Wood is a British-born travel writer and former hotelier who has lived in Thailand since 1991. With more than four decades of hospitality experience, he is a graduate of Napier Edinburgh University, a former General Manager and a Past President of Skål International Bangkok, Skål Thailand and Skål Asia. Andrew writes widely on travel and tourism and is recognised as a long-standing ambassador for Thailand’s hospitality sector.
